Cutting: Dividing raw material into smaller sections using tools like fiber lasers, plasma cutters, waterjets, and industrial saws.

Forming & Bending: Shaping metal without removing material, typically using press brakes, rolling machines, and tube benders to achieve specific angles or curves.

Welding: Joining multiple pieces of metal together using intense heat and filler material, using methods like MIG, TIG, and Stick welding.

Machining: Removing excess material from a workpiece using mills, lathes, and drills to achieve highly precise dimensions.

Assembly: Putting the fabricated components together using welding, adhesives, or mechanical fasteners like bolts and rivets.

Finishing: Applying surface treatments such as powder coating, painting, sandblasting, or galvanizing to protect against rust and improve appearance.